MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE



Surface pressure:  6.36 mb at mean radius (variable from 4.0 to 8.7 mb depending on season)  
                   [6.9 mb to 9 mb (Viking 1 Lander site)]
Surface density:  ~0.020 kg/m3
Scale height:  11.1 km
Total mass of atmosphere:  ~2.5 x 1016 kg
Average temperature:  ~210 K (-63 C)
Diurnal temperature range:  184 K to 242 K (-89 to -31 C) (Viking 1 Lander site)
Wind speeds:  2-7 m/s (summer), 5-10 m/s (fall), 17-30 m/s (dust storm) (Viking Lander sites)
Mean molecular weight:  43.34 g/mole 
Atmospheric composition (by volume): 
    Major:        Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - 95.32%; Nitrogen (N2) - 2.7%
                  Argon (Ar) - 1.6%; Oxygen (O2) - 0.13%; Carbon Monoxide (CO) - 0.08% 
    Minor (ppm):  Water (H2O) - 210; Nitrogen Oxide (NO) - 100; Neon (Ne) - 2.5;
                  Hydrogen-Deuterium-Oxygen (HDO) - 0.85; Krypton (Kr) - 0.3; Xenon (Xe) - 0.08
SOURCE: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/marsfact.html


Physical Properties of Martian Atmosphere in SI Units
(Viking 1 Lander site, daytime temperature)
Altitude
(meters)
Temperature
(K)
Pressure
(Pa)
Density
(kg/m3)
-7,000249 1.31E+32.74E-2
-6,000248 1.20E+32.52E-2
-5,000247 1.10E+32.31E-2
-4,000246 1.00E+32.12E-2
-3,000245 9.16E+21.94E-2
-2,000244 8.37E+21.78E-2
-1,000243 7.65E+21.64E-2
0242 6.99E+21.50E-2
1,000241 6.39E+21.38E-2
2,000240 5.84E+21.27E-2
3,000239 5.34E+21.16E-2
4,000238 4.88E+21.07E-2
5,000237 4.46E+29.79E-3
6,000236 4.07E+28.98E-3
7,000234 3.72E+28.26E-3
8,000232 3.40E+27.64E-3
9,000230 3.11E+27.05E-3
10,000228 2.84E+26.50E-3
15,000216 1.81E+24.36E-3
20,000205 1.16E+22.93E-3
25,000194 7.37E+11.97E-3
30,000183 4.70E+11.34E-3
40,000161 1.91E+16.18E-4

For h < 7,000

T = -31 - 0.000998 h

p = 0.699 × e-0.00009 h

= p / (0.1921 × (T + 273.15))

For h > 7,000 (to about 46 km)

T = -23.4 - 0.00222 h

p = 0.699 × e-0.00009 h

= p / (0.1921 × (T + 273.15))

h = altitude (m), T = temperature (oC), p = pressure (kPa), = density (kg/m3)
 


SOURCE: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/atmosmrm.html
 




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